Structured Design for Attitudinal Instruction

Tom Kamradt & Beth Kamradt

Goals and preconditions. The primary goal of this theory is to help a learner change an attitude. It is intended for situations in which the learner is willing to reconsider an existing attitude.

Values. Some of the values upon which this theory is based include:

1. attitude development or change,
2. learners having a choice as to whether or not to work on changing an attitude,
3. events to help the learner maintain a new attitude and transfer it to real-life situations.

Methods. Here are the major methods this theory offers:

General Strategy
1. Simultaneously move all three components of the attitude (affective, cognitive, and behavioral) the same amount in the same direction, using rapid shifts in instructional tactics, from one component to another.
2. Offer a safe environment in which to try on the new attitude.

Specific Tactics

1. Activate the attitude: Present a situation which calls for its use (behavior).

   1. Can be direct or indirect activation.
   2. The action should be slightly inconsistent with the learner's existing attitude and in the direction of the target attitude (adjust if necessary). This creates dissonance.
2. Diagnose the dissonant component(s) by asking:
   1. How did that situation make you feel? (affective)
   2. What were you thinking? (cognitive)
   3. Why did you do what you did? (behavioral)
3. Address whichever component is most dissonant.
   1. If affective, use operant conditioning techniques.
   2. If cognitive, use persuasion.
   3. If behavioral, use demonstrations and practice for the action.
4. Consolidate the attitude at one point on the continuum before proceeding.
   1. Include explicit transfer events and an organizational development plan.

Major contributions. Is a highly ethical, humane approach. Recognizes the interdependence of the three components of an attitude. Is personalized to address the most dissonant component first. Recognizes that every attitude is a tool which its owner uses to resolve a need.