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Basic
Methods of Instruction
1.Kinds
of Learning
2.Invariant
Tasks
3.Concept
Classification
4.Procedure
Using
5.Principle
Using
6.Understanding
7.Generic
Skills
8.Attitudes
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Development
Procedure for Designing a Principle-Using Lesson
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Identify all the changes involved in the principle, and write a generality
that includes the label (if any), the changes, and the relationship among
the changes (causal or natural process). To do this, you should observe
or ask your SME about the nature of the post-instructional requirements
for using the principle.
-
Identify and list all dimensions of divergence (equivalence classes)
for the principle. Make sure the generality deals with all of them.
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Assess the difficulty level of the principle for the target learners
(on, say, a scale of 1-5).
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Create an instance pool that contains roughly x items representing
each dimension of divergence, where x = the difficulty level times 2. But
note that a single item will usually represent more than one dimension
of divergence.
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Create a test, using at least one item representing each dimension
of divergence. If the principle is a difficult one, increase the number
of items per dimension.*
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Create practice items, using at least two items representing each
dimension of divergence. If the principle is a difficult one, increase
the number of items per dimension.*
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Create examples, having at least one item representing each dimension
of divergence. If the principle is a difficult one, increase the number
of items per dimension.* Include appropriate power components, depending
on the difficulty level of the principle.
-
Create the feedback for the practice items so as to be virtually
identical to the enhanced examples.
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Think about motivational needs and media selection, and modify
the instruction as appropriate to each. (This should be done throughout
the process, not just after all else is done.)
* Note: In general, the number of examples and test items should be
about the same, and there should be at least twice as many practice items
as examples.
  
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