Module 1: Kinds of Learning

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Basic Methods of Instruction

1.Kinds of Learning
2.Invariant Tasks
3.Concept Classification
4.Procedure Using
5.Principle Using
6.Understanding
7.Generic Skills
8.Attitudes
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 		Application-level learning Dave Merrill has proposed that it is useful?for prescribing methods of instruction?to think of three types of content that can be learned on the application level:
  • Concepts
  • Procedures
  • Principles
    The term, "concept", has many meanings in our every-day language. Here we are interested in one particular meaning: A concept is a group or class of particulars which have something in common. These are concepts:
    Shoe Resistor
    Pencil Paragraph
    Fight Democracy
    Anger Lever

    A procedure is an ordered sequence of steps for accomplishing some goal. These are procedures:

  • How to write a paragraph.
  • How to add fractions.
  • How to operate a machine.

    The term, "principle", also has several meanings in our every-day language. Here we are interested in one particular meaning: A principle is a relationship between two or more changes. It can be a causal, correlational, or natural-order relationship. The following are principles:

  • An increase in price causes a decrease in demand.
  • A train comes whenever I reach this crossing.
  • Plants grow from a seed to a seedling to a plant.

  
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This file was last updated on March 10, 1999 by Byungro Lim
Copyright 1999, Charles M. Reigeluth
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